San Antonio has the essence of Texas spirit. As the eighth largest metropolis in the U.S., San Antonio has managed to retain its sense of history, while becoming a modern, cosmopolitan city. It blends several cultures including Native Americans, Old Mexicans, Germans, African-Americans and Deep Southerners, to create a distinct flavor all its own. Several million visitors per year delight in experiencing San Antonio's unique offerings. San Antonio is a magnet for history lovers. In 1691, Spanish explorers and missionaries discovered the river, calling it San Antonio in honor of St. Anthony’s Feast Day. In 1718, Father Antonio Olivares established Mission San Antonio de Valero, better known as The Alamo. To many Americans the Alamo remains a symbol of patriotic sacrifice. Here, 189 defenders held the mission against some 4,000 Mexican troops for 13 days, and "Remember the Alamo" became the rallying cry of Texans during the revolution against Mexico. The assault on the Alamo is the most celebrated battle in Texas history and included a number of famous personalities like Davey Crockett, James Bowie, William Travis and Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna. The Alamo is open every day of the year except Christmas Eve and Christmas Day.
Fort Sam Houston is another "must-see" for history lovers. Military heroes like Pershing and Eisenhower were stationed there, and it was the training site of the Buffalo Soldiers, the African-American cavalry fighters who fought for peace more than a century ago. Today, Fort Sam Houston houses the Fifth U.S. Army and the Health Services Command, as well as the Fort Sam Houston Museum and the U.S. Army Medical Department Museum.
A chain of 18th century missions established along the San Antonio River stand as reminders of Spain’s attempt to extend its New World territory. These missions were supposed to convert Native Americans into devout Catholics and useful members of Spanish society, but they also functioned as vocational and educational centers, involved in farming, ranching activities and regional trade. Together they formed the foundation for what is today the city of San Antonio.
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